Decision framing and engineering operating diagnosis Review questions Decision framing and engineering operating diagnosis Begin with a bounded decision and observations with consistent periods and denominators. A returned package is not necessarily late, and reviewer busyness is not accepted-output flow. Map the interface and its revision owner, then test whether the constraint is waiting before first comment, rework after a changed requirement, or supplier data. A sound case assigns a distinct trial to each pattern and measures both comment time and input changes. Do not generalize a sample of delayed packages to every package. Safety and integration authority stays with specialists, and a local indicator improvement requires reconsideration if final delivery does not improve.
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Question 1 In one week's register, 9 of 24 packages were returned and 7 were late. Their overlap is unknown. What conclusion is supported? Nine packages were late because every return causes delay The returned-package fraction is 9÷24=37.5%; the returned-and-late fraction cannot be computed from these data Sixteen packages were late because 9 and 7 can be added The chance that a returned package was late was 7÷9 Question 2 Four late packages waited 8–11 days for first comment with stable requirements; two got comments within two days but their interfaces then changed. Which trial is best? Add reviewers to every package and close the change register Blame the designer for all six and reschedule every package Reserve review slots for the four and freeze an interface version for the two, then measure each mechanism separately Remove the first technical review for all six to shorten elapsed time Question 3 After a reserved review slot was trialed, median time to first comment fell from 10 to 3 days for comparable packages, but the final decision date did not improve because rework increased. What should the adviser recommend? Declare the project successful because one indicator improved Cancel the slot immediately and return to blaming the team Double review slots alone until final delay disappears Keep the slot provisionally and investigate rework causes and requirement-change timing before expanding it Question 4 Three of five interfaces closed with tests; the fourth failed and the fifth lacks an owner and revision. Which release decision is justified? Operate the system because 60% of interfaces closed Release the fourth because its document is approved, and delay only the fifth Hold affected scope until the fourth passes a retest and the fifth gains an owner and revision, with specialist review of isolation Stop every project task without checking whether it depends on either interface Question 5 Opening inventory is 12 packages; eight enter and six leave weekly for four weeks. What is closing inventory and its implication? 20 packages; inventory grows by two weekly and a stable cycle time cannot be inferred from the closing balance 20 packages; stable cycle time is 20÷6 weeks 14 packages; add the weekly difference only once 44 packages; add all arrivals to opening inventory without departures Question 6 Requirements changed in six of eight late packages and two of eight on-time packages. Which recommendation follows the evidence? Change caused 50% of delay, so abolish all change review Change is more common among late packages, 75% versus 25%; test version control while comparing complexity and quality 6÷16=37.5% is the proportion of late packages with changed requirements The difference is meaningless because all twenty packages must be identical Question 7 Optional capacity is 70 days after a safety obligation; R needs 35, E needs 45, and D needs 30. Which pair fits? R+E because 35+45=70 R+D because 35+30=65, subject to data dependency and capacity by skill E+D because 45+30=65 Every pair fits if safety days are reduced without a decision Question 8 New has present cost 134.71 thousand and refurbishment 130.74 without repair. If a certain refurbishment repair of 10 thousand occurs at the end of year two at 10% discount, what bounded cost decision follows? Refurbishment remains cheaper because 130.74 is below 134.71 Refurbishment becomes about 139.01, so new is roughly 4.30 cheaper over two years New becomes 144.71 because its price receives the repair Refurbishment becomes 140.74 and the gap is 6.03 because 10 is added today Question 9 Internal capacity is 50 hours and demand 64. A vendor delivers 18 but uses four internal review hours, followed by three additional internal rework hours. What is the weekly deficit? Zero because 50+18−4=64 and the plan is unchanged Three hours because net capacity is 50−4−3+18=61 Fourteen hours because vendor output never counts Twenty-one hours by adding 4, 3, and 14 without crediting vendor work Question 10 Sensors were installed on eight pumps and operators reviewed 35 of 50 qualified alerts on time. Which report is correct? Downtime benefit was achieved because eight sensors were installed The leading response measure is 70%; downtime benefit needs later measurement with a consistent denominator Response is 35÷(50+12) because false alerts belong in the qualified denominator Baseline is 96 hours per pump because the register has 96 hours for the year Question 11 A takes two weeks; B takes four and C six in parallel after A; D takes one after both. Which acceleration moves finish from week 9 to week 7? Cut B from four to two because procurement then finishes before C Cut C from six to four while B stays four, so D starts at week 6 and finish is week 7 Start D at week 2 before B and C finish Add B and C sequentially after A, giving week 13 before acceleration Question 12 Release A had 16 defective drawings of 400 and B had 12 of 200. How did the observed rate change? Quality improved because the defective count fell from 16 to 12 The defective-drawing proportion rose from 4% to 6%, two percentage points, with work mix and severity still to examine The rate rose by 2% relatively because 6−4=2 B's rate is 12÷400=3% because A's larger denominator is more reliable Question 13 X costs 50 thousand with 4% downtime chance, Y costs 75 thousand with 1%, and impact is 200 thousand. What X probability ties Y's simplified total? 4% because X is cheaper in the base case 13.5% because 50+0.135×200=77, with safety eligibility separate 19% because the base totals differ by 19 thousand 1% because Y has that probability Question 14 The requested flow is 65 units/hour while current component evidence demonstrates 60 under specified test conditions. What change decision is justified? Change the drawing to 65 and issue purchase; the five-unit gap is documentation only Declare 65 impossible and cancel the entire project Hold affected release, analyze interfaces, function, and protection, then obtain an authorized baseline decision and new verification Operate at 65 because the client approved cost Question 15 Seventeen of 20 tests passed; two documentation findings remain and one protection test failed. What should the adviser recommend? Operate because 85% passed, more than half the tests Discard all documents and stop every task until restarting the entire project Separate document review from permission to operate affected scope, fix both indices, and retest protection under specialist authority Treat protection failure as paperwork because it is only one of twenty Question 16 After a protection failure, financial and operational approvals arrived but the required technical approval is absent under the case's governance. What follows? Operate because two out of three approvals are enough Treat sponsor spending approval as implied technical acceptance Hold affected scope and escalate the evidence to a documented authority, while independent work proceeds after dependency review Appoint any available engineer as a substitute even without delegation Question 17 Before a review gate, six of 30 packages had escaped defects and median time was eight days; afterward three of 30 and 11 days. What is a balanced decision? Roll out the gate because defects fell 50% relatively without reviewing service time Abolish the gate because it added three days even if it caught consequential defects Keep a bounded pilot, separate two signature-wait days from one checking day, and compare a similar next batch before expansion Report defects at 3% because three packages remained defective Question 18 Capacity is 60 days; reliability needs 35 and expansion 40 with unmeasured demand. Which executive brief is accurate? Approve both because each has a potential benefit Approve reliability subject to technical verification, measure demand before expansion, and revisit scope or capacity if an urgent obligation is proven Reject expansion forever because its demand was not measured this week After reliability, 40 days remain for expansion because 60−35=40 Question 19 Thirty of 40 packages were accepted; six interfaces lack verification, four await data, and 80% of the phase budget is spent. Which inference is supported? Cost overrun is five points because 80%−75%=5% The system is 75% ready and 75% may operate Seventy-five percent of packages were accepted by count; readiness and completion cost need separate interface and obligation evidence The supplier caused all delay because four packages await its data Question 20 R scores 3.3 and passes protection; T scores 3.5 but has not demonstrated the required protection test. What decision follows? Release T because 3.5 exceeds 3.3 Consider R within authority and request T's evidence before comparing again Automatically lower T's rating to 3.2 so R ranks first Reject T forever because today's evidence is missing Question 21 Demand is 88 at week five; current capacity is 60, staged total capacity 75 is ready at week four, and full capacity 105 arrives only at week seven. What is the week-five gap? No gap under full upgrade because 105 exceeds 88 Thirteen under staged and 28 if waiting for full without a bridge No staged gap because 60+75 exceeds 88 Staged gap 28 and full gap 13 because the larger option arrives later Question 22 Thirty-two of 40 packages were accepted; 720 of a 900-thousand budget is spent, an independent nonoverlapping completion estimate is 250, and three tests remain. Which memo is most accurate? The program is 80% ready for operation and only 70 thousand has been spent Forecast cost is 970 with an estimated 70 gap; affected operation remains held pending tests and authorized isolation Final cost is 720 because the 250 estimate is not yet spent, so no financial decision is needed Stop all work because three tests remain, without checking other task dependencies Create a free account to mark your answers and save your progress.
